Tactical Transparency In The Public Relations Commerce Essay

In the post-Enron, blog-ridden universe we live in, transparence is a develop push on open dealingss practicians. Our partners acknowledge validity as the building square of association open connections. As the principal line of safeguard for any association, it is the control of these experts to build a suitable transparence conspire. On the off chance that correspondences experts are bit of committee chamber talk, the devices of transparence will match to the organization ‘s tenet. Some decide to incorporate transparence as the most moral plan while others stay obscure to hold competitory preferred position. The reason for this overview is to determine what transparence implies in the new media millenary, address the execution of transparence at all degrees and kinds of associations, and add to the on-going insightful contention. The data gave will show the force and usefulness of strategic transparence when installed into an organization ‘s human advancement. Straightforwardness can non better corporate notoriety when polished by simply a couple of agents. It will non reinforce open estimation whenever embraced only during crises.Specifying â€Å" Tactical Transparency †Tactical transparence is non each piece ethic-driven as it is situated in common sense. The changing evaluation to which an organization divides its pioneers, representatives, values, human progress, concern examples, and concern plans decides its level of transparence.[ 1 ]Specifying transparence is much of the time a challenged point for practicians during the vital arranging methodology and among open dea lingss bookmans, since none of the components recorded supra is reasonable in each worry situation. Openness is of import to purchasers yet some touchy themes are non proper to parcel with partners. Sharing product wellbeing data is basic to making moral concern, yet let go ofing stock advancement data could turn out beyond all doubt won. Researchers will in general spot two sorts of transparence: monetary and organization. Monetary transparence is every now and again connected with open organizations and incorporates total compensations and overall gains depicting. Administration transparence includes sharing guidelines, systems, and official development with peoples. In spite of the fact that these orders are so pertinent to the worry condition, open dealingss proficient are progressively worried about receptiveness as it applies to corporate notoriety. Researchers will in general hang on what transparence is non ; it is non full disclosure. Holtz and Havens characterized the four highlights of transparence as objectiveness, plan, regard, and pilotage.[ 2 ]To remain detached, bosses ought to in a perfect world use changing evaluations of each in the midst of emergency or an endeavor to keep away from such emergencies by demonstrating an ability to parcel and open up data. Genuineness and solidarity are cardinal to objectiveness. Utilizing various channels, casual and formal strategies, and propelled plans will increase positive attitude from masses, yet validity and objectiveness will ever win out. Straightforwardness should ever hold an aim ; it ought to be joined by an activity or finish. Recouping purchaser trust is of class indispensable to the main concern, yet reproducing an exchange name requires consistence and length of administration. Previous JetBlue Airways laminitis and CEO, David Neeleman offered a YouTube statement of regret for his air hose ‘s dropping of numerous trips on Valentine ‘s Day 2007.[ 3 ]But in add-on to the conciliatory sentiment, Neeleman helped his course crew advancement and execute a Customer Bill of Rights, approving partners to go increasingly included. Suggesting that plan is the way to straightforwardness endeavors, Neeleman accordingly composed, â€Å" Talk is modest activity is the solitary thing tha t genuinely manufactures your notoriety, non only as an individual, however as an organization. †[ 4 ]Regardless of the interchanges endeavors an organization utilizes when emergencies, its past way record will no doubt discover the respect where the organization is held. Regard depends on corporate obligation ( altruistic activites, representative mediation ) and corporate qualities. At long last, the way an organization explores emergencies will help discover future condition of affairss requiring transparence. Techniques that have worked in the days of old can be applied quickly and sincerely and better duologue with populaces.Transparency in the Internet AgeThe challenges going up against open dealingss experts in today ‘s commercial center include what Holtz and Havens ( 2009 ) characterize as a â€Å" combination of two isolated and discernable inclinations: exacerbating trust in concern and expanded open assessment † both are an outcome in segment of cultur al media propensities and the handiness of ongoing duologue.[ 5 ]Worsening purchaser trust is both a Post-industrialist world and a current authentic open trepidation resulting from shut entryway concern designs that were uncovered in late features. New rule law presently powers loosened exchanges and shopper standpoints have ascended to run into new moral measures. What is acceptable and moral by and by will ever be a challenged point ; the fuel behind a lot of this contention. Associations can do use of open coaction to investigate partner standpoints and moral requests while responding to troublesome judgment with hurriedness. In the event that we see transparence from absolutely the customer position, it is obvious that corporate obligation, which envelops transparence, has gotten undeniably a greater amount of import in an intense financial framework. Orchestrating to an examination finished via Landor Associates, Penn Schoen Berland and Burson-Marsteller, 75 % of shoppers felt cultural obligation was of import and 55 % announced taking reason related stocks over those that do n't.[ 6 ]A 2008 Harris review of specialists notoriety and transparence discovered â€Å" profound disappointment among the American masses with both the handiness of specialists monetary data and the way it is conveyed to the individuals. †[ 7 ]CBS ‘s hit broadcasting appear, Undercover Boss blossoms with transparence, giving review crowds the unadulterated inside scoop through CEO viewpoint as he/she finds the existent internal workings.[ 8 ]Consumers have responded to the somewhat unsafe introduction ; a few organiz ations included have revealed stock increases and record net revenues.[ 9 ]This recommends that transparence is an adequate open dealingss conspire. The effectiveness and handiness of online webcasts has made an atmosphere of â€Å" accepted continuous transparency, † in which organizations ‘ emergencies endeavors are relied upon to be recognized outright.[ 10 ]BP ‘s 2010 oil slick demonstrated that with more prominent perceivability, comes more noteworthy answerability. Following the catastrophe, almost certainly, showcase powers will authorize transparence law for other vitality organizations working in delicate biological situations. Arranged partners will request directing capacities like that BP posted on its site. The mile-profound unrecorded video-feed fulfilled partner ponders however it other than set another rule for â€Å" vital transparence. † If we can watch oil spiting from a busted wellspring ( the emergency itself ) and the lowered vehicles attempting to seal the hole ( the emergency reaction ) , so what else is conceivable? Might we be able to watch the auto technician naming a wrecked vehicle, the preschool teacher administrating clinical claim to fame to a child, or the kitchen staff fixing supplement? Michael Schrage of the Harvard Business Review recognizes disclosure as the â€Å" twentieth Century confounding of a paper-based age. †[ 11 ]From this episode, Schrage estimates that strategic transparence will go on to â€Å" have a huge capable and theoretical support. †[ 12 ] Supporters of transparence in the working environment place numerous components that could benefit from more prominent open transparence. Breaking down hierarchical systems, meeting plans, office areas, and concern maps may reveal net gushing handinesss or increasingly open roads. In certain occasions, making so may even back up the association ‘s selling plans. In this sense more noteworthy perceivability and transparence is one more opportunity to gain media joining in and build up an exchange name. In the event that positive open dealingss are a result of strategic transparence, so its apparent nonattendance could deliver negative advancement. A ref botch in an ongoing World Cup game between the US and Slovenia caused a firestorm of open response. FIFA laws kept the official from elucidating the faulty call, however FIFA ‘s president offered a tweet following the game coordinating witnesss to an old articulation he ‘d made sing video rematch. A Time.com spectator composed, â€Å" [ C ] ould n't he hold offered more transparence about this particular occurrence than a tweet? Especially a tweet that connects an evaporator command post website page from March? †[ 13 ]Literature ReviewCrisiss, for example, the FIFA supposition and the BP oil slick, by definition take steps to harm the notoriety of an organisation.[ 14 ]Benoit investigated hierarchical endeavors to recreate notorieties after emergency harming occasions and built up the picture Restoration hypothes is. Benoit ‘s picture Restoration plans included disavowal, prevarication of obligation, cut bringing down hostile of the demonstration, disciplinary activity, and shame ( a guileless expression of remorse ) .[ 15 ]Denial is the most cautious of the Acts of the Apostless and includes a total refusal to acknowledge obligation while quibble of obligation seriously restricts commitment yet acknowledges some total. Lessening malice is a particular signifier of vital evasion that centers around limiting the result of the follow up on open slant. Remedial activity has findings in the prompt and future reactions of the association ; embarrassment is a quick and true expression of remorse for inaccurate creation, the most crystalline assault. Picture Restoration plans and the fitting talk are picked, adjusted, and masterminded fo

One Thing That Changed My Life Essay

One thing that changed my life a great deal, was my most seasoned nephew Colton. He was conceived on December eighteenth 2003, that date in the past is one I can recall obviously. My mother, sister (the one preparing to have Colton), and my brother by marriage went to the medical clinic amazingly early, or well when I was six years of age 5:00a. m. was right on time to me, and to be straightforward it kinda still is. Anywho on with the story. They woke up and left me with my other sister, they went to the medical clinic in Ponca City the attendants there got her and she simply basically laid in bed the entire day and had withdrawals. My mother came and got me around 3:00 toward the evening. We went to the emergency clinic, with a band of grandmothers and aunties behind us! We as a whole showed up at the clinic securely. I needed to sit in the sitting area with my auntie. Me and my auntie strolled around a ton, we returned to the lounge area and who may be hanging tight for me†¦ Santa Claus was! I was so energized and cheerful. Well after all that, my mother came into the sitting area and said my little nephew had been conceived. The first occasion when I saw him, and held him I promptly experienced passionate feelings for, I was so astounded by this little one that came into my life. He is know eight years of age, and he really is at my mercy and past astonishing, he’s been with me through so much, and it never bombs that I could be having the most noticeably terrible day of my life and having an emotional meltdown, he can generally put a grin all over. I’m past favored to have him in my life.

Coping With Subthreshold PTSD

Coping With Subthreshold PTSD PTSD Print Coping With Subthreshold PTSD When Youre Not Quite Meeting a PTSD Diagnosis By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Updated on January 29, 2020 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children Arief Juwono / Moment / Getty Images Subthreshold PTSD refers to the experiencing of some post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms after a traumatic event, but not quite enough to meet criteria for a PTSD diagnosis. Subthreshold PTSD can be associated with distress and impairment consistent with what is seen among people with a PTSD diagnosis. To officially have a diagnosis of PTSD, you need to have a certain number of re-experiencing, avoidance, and hyperarousal symptoms. PTSD Symptoms PTSD symptoms can begin up to three months after a traumatic event, but sometimes do not appear until years after the event. These symptoms cause significant problems in social or work situations and in relationships. PTSD symptoms are generally grouped into four types: intrusive memories, avoidance, negative changes in thinking and mood, or changes in emotional reactions. Intrusive Memories Symptoms of intrusive memories may include: Recurrent, unwanted distressing memories of the traumatic eventReliving the traumatic event as if it were happening again (flashbacks)Upsetting dreams about the traumatic eventSevere emotional distress or physical reactions to something that reminds you of the event Avoidance Symptoms of avoidance may include: Trying to avoid thinking or talking about the traumatic eventAvoiding places, activities or people that remind you of the traumatic event Negative Changes in Thinking and Mood Symptoms of negative changes in thinking and mood may include: Negative feelings about yourself or other peopleInability to experience positive emotionsFeeling emotionally numbLack of interest in activities you once enjoyedHopelessness about the futureMemory problems, including not remembering important aspects of the traumatic eventDifficulty maintaining close relationships Changes in Emotional Reactions Symptoms of changes in emotional reactions (also called arousal symptoms) may include: Irritability, angry outbursts or aggressive behaviorAlways being on guard for dangerOverwhelming guilt or shameSelf-destructive behavior, such as drinking too much or driving too fastTrouble concentratingTrouble sleepingBeing easily startled or frightened Intensity of Symptoms You may have more PTSD symptoms when youre stressed in general, or when you run into reminders of what you went through. For example, you may hear a car backfire and relive combat experiences. Or you may see a report on the news about a sexual assault and feel overcome by memories of your own assault. PTSD symptoms can vary in intensity over time. When to See a Doctor According to the Mayo Clinic, if you have disturbing thoughts and feelings about a traumatic event for more than a month, if theyre severe, or if you feel youre having trouble getting your life back under control, talk to your healthcare professional. Get treatment as soon as possible to help prevent PTSD symptoms from getting worse. If You Have Suicidal Thoughts If you or someone you know is having suicidal thoughts, get help right away through one or more of these resources: Reach out to a close friend or loved one.Contact a minister, a spiritual leader or someone in your faith community.Call a suicide hotline numberâ€"in the United States, call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 800-273-TALK (800-273-8255) to reach a trained counselor. Use that same number and press 1 to reach the Veterans Crisis Line.Make an appointment with your doctor, mental health provider or other healthcare professional.

One Flesh Notes Essay - 852 Words

One Flesh by Elizabeth Jennings Lying apart now, each in a separate bed, He with a book, keeping the light on late, She like a girl dreaming of childhood, All men elsewhere - it is as if they wait Some new event: the book he holds unread, Her eyes fixed on the shadows overhead. Tossed up like flotsam from a former passion, How cool they lie. They hardly ever touch, Or if they do, it is like a confession Of having little feeling - or too much. Chastity faces them, a destination For which their whole lives were a preparation. Strangely apart, yet strangely close together, Silence between them like a thread to hold And not wind in. And time itselfs a feather Touching them gently. Do they know theyre old,†¦show more content†¦Physically not wanting a physical relationship * â€Å"Lying apart now, each in a separate bed† the comma in between the two statement used to emphasize the â€Å"each in a separate bed† to show that they find it uncomfortable to sleep together to share the more physical side of love. â€Å"Now† meaning they once did. * He with a book, keeping the light on late amp; â€Å"she like a girl dreaming of childhood, All men elsewhere† I. Shows that they are trying to show each other how they are preoccupied so that they will not have a reason to talk to each other. II. The comma after â€Å"book† adds emphasis to keeping the light on late which shows his ignorance of her need to sleep, showing his lack of consideration for her physical comfort. Mentally not needing a physical relationship * â€Å"She like a girl dreaming of childhood, all men elsewhere† the woman dreams of her child hood all men elsewhere showing that even in her thoughts the physical side of a relationship isn’t present. * â€Å"Like a confession of how little feeling† they have lost the mental drive for a physical relationship and when they touch it is as to say sorry, â€Å"confession† giving the impression of anShow MoreRelated Conflict between Good and Evil in Bradstreet’s The Flesh and the Spirit1355 Words   |  6 PagesConflict between Good and Evil in Bradstreet’s The Flesh and the Spirit  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      A colonial Puritan minister, Thomas Shepard, nicely summarized the paradox of the Puritan religion when he noted that â€Å"The greatest part of Christian grace lies in mourning the want of it.†Ã‚   Shepard suggests, in this passage, that good Christians should spend their days, indeed their entire lives, exploring and proclaiming their own depravity and sinfulness, their â€Å"want† of Christian grace.   Paradoxically, onlyRead MoreMagical Thinking Case Study1469 Words   |  6 Pagesmagical contagion. Two things are essential to the idea of magical contagion: that some sort of physical contact occurs, and that there is an â€Å"essence† transmitted . The â€Å"essence† that gets transmitted via physical contact is what makes an object of note pure or impure. Essence is the idea that an object has properties that are not immediately visible . For example: if a sandwich were to be dropped on the floor, and someone were to pick it up and continue to eat it, not only would the sandwich be seenRead MoreJoseph Of The Holy Ghost1229 Words   |  5 Pageshusband of Mary, which makes Joseph legally the father of Jesus. It is not the flesh, nor the blood that makes Jesus legally heir and gives Him the right to the throne of David, but being a son through Joseph s marriage does. That is why we find in Luke 2:41,48 where Joseph is called one of Christ s parents and also the father. Mary was a virgin to whom was born Christ. Nowhere do we read that Christ received blood or flesh from Mary, but we do read that Mary gave Christ a physical birth. We areRead MoreRelationship Between Incarnation And Atonement Essay1671 Words   |  7 Pagesdoctrine of incarnation simply means the second person of the trinity becoming flesh; whereby God the son incarnated to human nature (Erickson 102). God the son laid aside His divine attributes and took on a human nature in order to redeem humanity. According to the Christian doctrine, the word of God became flesh, and after becoming flesh, he saved us from the snares of the world. Jesus who is the son of God became flesh and he died to save the world from sin as well as reconciled all people withRead MoreHow Can We Pray For Our Enemies?949 Words   |   4 Pagesso it is a hard pill for us to swallow when they do. Flesh versus spirit By nature we are sinful creatures and have to battle against the flesh. Our flesh is naturally selfish. Even the most giving people battle with selfishness. According to Matthew Henry’s Commentary, â€Å"Note, If we should approve ourselves to be Christ’s, such as are united to him and interested in him, we must make it our constant care and business to crucify the flesh with its corrupt affections and lusts. Christ will neverRead MoreLife of Pi Essay759 Words   |  4 Pagesuses the protagonist Pi to demonstrate how faith, ritual and one’s will to live save one from the barbaric and carnivorous reality. Pi Patel, lover of faith and various gods and their beliefs loses his family after a shipwreck and drifts on the Pacific Ocean with a zebra, hyena, orangutan and a tiger, Richard Parker each struggling in their own way to survive. Yann Martel uses the protagonist Pi to claim that one retains his or her survival will through writing. Martel includes the fact that PiRead MorePuritanism And Its Negative Portrayal Of The Body1641 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican Literature and it still is to this day. Puritans have shaped our culture immensely with their art that represents their beliefs so clearly. One of the most fascinating things we have come to learn about the Puritans is the constant battle they faced each day. Puritans struggled to stay true to their religion due to everyday temptations. One of the biggest temptations would be The Body. We can identify this by analyzing Puritanism philosophies, their biblical view of the Body, how they wereRead MoreThe way to Rainy Mountain Essay610 Words   |  3 PagesMountain by N. Scott Momaday: Great green and yellow grasshoppers are everywhere in the tall grass, popping up like corn to sting the flesh, and tortoises crawl about on the red earth, going nowhere in plenty of time. Loneliness is an aspect of the land. All things in the plain are isolated; there is no confusion of objects in the eye, but one hill or one tree or one man. To look upon that landscape in the early morning, with the sun at your back, is to lose the sense of proportion. Your imaginationRead MoreThe Incarnation Of God By John Clark And Marcus Johnson Essay723 Words   |  3 PagesBook Review- The Incarnation of God God become man, one of the profound mysteries of the Gospel and the Christian faith, is evidenced and affirmed throughout Scripture, yet it all too often is neglected in modern Christian thought and practice. In the work, The Incarnation of God, John Clark and Marcus Johnson do just the opposite. They bring the truth from scripture to robustly discuss a theology of the incarnation of God. Throughout their discussion, it becomes evident that the book strives toRead MoreBreaking Toxic Relational Ties At The Years1228 Words   |  5 Pagesare keeping them tied to specific areas of bondage. NOTE: make sure nothing copied from online articles and/or Ransomed Heart In order for freedom to . . . This is necessary for those where certain key areas of bondage have a connection to a significant relationship in the person’s life. The Scriptures do not use the term relational tie (often called a soul tie), but the principles of people being ‘knit together’ and ‘two becoming one flesh’ is taught in the Word. These relational ties are intended

Medical Marijuana Should Be Legalized For Pure Medical...

Kari Knutson Kristen Jacobus English 102 21 April 2015 When Holly was less than a year old she was diagnosed with pediatric convulsions, which progressed into a severe form of epilepsy. She is now 14-years-old, and needs supervision constantly due to the severity of her seizures. Because of her seizures she is not able to walk, talk, or feed herself. Holly’s family has exhausted every option medically when it comes to controlling seizures. The one treatment that they have not tried is medical cannabis. I am an in home caretaker for Holly, and after interviewing her mother I feel that everyone should understand why medical cannabis should be legalized for pure medical purposes. Unfortunately the drug has been abused by recreational users, and now has a bad reputation of being a gateway drug. Some Doctor’s also believe that medical cannabis has no medicinal value. Holly’s mother is a Registered Nurse, and feels that Holly would benefit from medical cannabis; unfortunately it is illegal in Wisconsin. With the recent in crease in funding and research on all medical cannabis products, research is proving that cannabis does not only help symptoms of epilepsy, but with most neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis. Every seizure that a person goes through that lasts more than three minutes causes brain damage. You can imagine how dangerous it is to be having dozens of seizures daily, and having no way to control or stop them. If Holly were to have had access toShow MoreRelatedEssay on Should Marijuana Be Made Legal?1208 Words   |  5 PagesShould Marijuana Be Made Legal? In 1620, the Pilgrims landed on Plymouth Rock bringing with them thousands of gallons of beer and other types of liquor. This was believed to be enough for them to sell or trade with the natives in return for products like a body soother. The Native Americans introduced the Pilgrims to tobacco and other forms of drugs such as Marijuana. By the 1900s, the country noticed marijuana, a psychoactive drug, was dangerous and needed to be controlled. Later, betweenRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Medical Marijuana1167 Words   |  5 PagesWhen people hear the word marijuana, they often think of a gateway drug. Marijuana has been one of the top misunderstood â€Å"drug† there have been and will probably remain on being a misunderstood â€Å"drug†. Should marijuana be legalized? This has been a controversial question for a long time now. Marijuana should be legalized. Not only is marijuana beneficial to many people but it can even have an impact in our future. Marijuana shou ld be legalized because it can help bring more money to the country,Read MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal1651 Words   |  7 Pagesmost commonly referred to as marijuana. Medical marijuana refers to the use of cannabis and its cannabinoids to treat disease or improve symptoms (Wikipedia.com). Cannabis contains two active ingredients inside called cannabinoids (CBD) along with the delta-g-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The medicinal and psychoactive effects that personally associate with marijuana are caused by unique structures of cannabinoids. In addition, the major psychoactive ingredient in marijuana is THC, which additionallyRead MoreShould the United States Legalize Marijuana? Essay1339 Words   |  6 Pagesoffers no alternate purposes but creating troublesome addicts hazardous to society; however, they are rather misinformed about marijuana’s abilities. While marijuana has a small amount of negligible effects to its users, the herbal drug more importantly has remar kable health benefits, and legalizing one of the oldest and most commonly known drugs would redirect America’s future with the advantages outweighing the disadvantages. Before Americans can make accusations that marijuana can only be usedRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1957 Words   |  8 Pagesover whether marijuana should be legalized has long troubled many American citizens. There are many political aspects that have to be taken into account when making a big federal decision such as this. However, long before America was even an idea, many cultures had harnessed the plant, and used it for many primitive medical procedures. Within certain states it is legal to use marijuana for medical treatments, but this is a relatively new idea in the United States. However, marijuana was not alwaysRead MoreLegalization Of Marijuan The Economic Case2418 Words   |  10 Pages LEGALIZATION OF MARIJUANA IN THE US: THE ECONOMIC CASE. BIE COOKEY-GAM ECONOMICS 280 DECEMBER 4TH 2014 JOHN WRIGHT ABSTRACT This paper intends to outline the benefits of legalization of marijuana, show the possible negative externalities from making a once illegal drug, fully legal and regulated. ItRead MoreThe Myths And Beliefs Of Marijuana Essay1819 Words   |  8 Pagesrevise and rewrite laws. In this article I will talk about the myths and beliefs of marijuana and compare them to reliable sources to form an opinion on whether or not marijuana is a relatively safe drug for medical and recreational use along with the physical and social effects to the user and their environment. Regard, this paper will not focus on any other associated topics such as the price of prisons, annual marijuana dispensary revenue, drug trafficking or law policy’s. However many of the usedRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?2391 Words   |  10 PagesMarijuana has been used as medicine since ancient times. There have been evidences that are found in different locations of ancient human civilizations. For example, there are numerous evidences founded in Assyria, China, India, Greece Egypt, Persia, and in other ancient civilizations marijuana used for ritualistic purposes, pain relief, an d the treatment of various ailments. Marijuana could also be cultivated to produce hemp, a type of fiber used for textile such as paper, fabric, and rope. ScottRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana For Marijuana2792 Words   |  12 PagesThe legalization of marijuana in America Overview Issue The new events of legalizing marijuana for recreational use has increased controversy in the United States, those against it say it was bad enough before when it was merely allowed for medicinal use and now that these new laws and rules are really infuriating those who are against it. However on the flip side people are also arguing that now that it is allowed for recreational use people it will lessen crime rates, related to selling and buyingRead MoreEssay about Should Marijuana Be Legalized in the United States?1569 Words   |  7 PagesThe topic of legalizing recreational marijuana in the United States has been a very controversial one. States such as Colorado and Washington have gone on the offensive and have legalized recreational marijuana and have enjoyed the high revenues brought in from cannabis sale. On the other hand other states have kept low profiles because they are wary of the possible negative outcomes of legalizing recreational marijuana and are using the states of Colorado and Washington as guinea pigs to see what

Operations Management in Insurance Sector Free Essays

Operations Management in INSURANCE SECTOR Q. How to measure operational efficiency in service industry? Ans-Insurance companies use KPI indicators to measure operational efficiency and ensure optimum standards. The secret to success for an insurance company is providing the right product, having the right people selling and managing risks associated with it. We will write a custom essay sample on Operations Management in Insurance Sector or any similar topic only for you Order Now Insurance organizations use and act on metrics to avoid unnecessary risks. Following are the Key Performance Indicators (KPI) that insurance companies use to measure operational efficiency. Policy Sales Growth Ratio It measures policy sales growth over a set period of time. It is increase in the number of clients over a specified period. It is helpful to gain insights into policy sales trend. The higher this percentage, the better it is. Policy Sales Growth = (Current period sales revenue – previous period sales revenue)/previous period sales revenue Claims Ratio It is defined by claims in a period divided by earned premium in the period. It helps to know the risk of claims and effectiveness of the policy. The ratio needs to be analyzed carefully to understand the risk associated. A higher ratio indicates too many claims compared to premiums and it isn’t good for the company. A lower ratio may indicate difficulty claiming which would lead to customer dissatisfaction. Claims Ratio = Total claims per period/Total earned premiums per period Percentage of Total Lapses It measures the total number of missed payments in a period compared with the policies sold. It helps in understanding why lapses are occurring and stop them from occurring at a high frequency. Read also Exam Operations Management A high percentage might be because of inefficient operations such as problems in the payment process. A company constantly improves its operations to decrease the percentage of lapses in each period. Percentage of Total Lapses = Lapses/Policies Sold Average Time to Settle a Claim It measures the time it takes settle claims. A decreasing trend is favorable. Lower time to settle the claim defines higher operational efficiency of the company. Average Time to Settle a Claim = Total no. of days taken to settle all claims/ Total claims Quotas vs. Production It measures the effectiveness of sellers and agents at meeting their targets. It helps in identifying when target sales are below and taking corrective action. A ratio below 1 means targets is not being met. A higher than 1 ratio means brokers are exceeding the target and it is favorable for the organization. Quotas vs. Production = Total Rs. Quoted Business/Total Revenue Top Brokers in Sales Revenue It ranks brokers based on sales revenue and no. of policies sold. It helps to identify top performers for each category of policies. It also helps to improve the performance of brokers who are lacking behind. Top Brokers in Sales Revenue = Rank top 3 or 10 brokers based on sales revenue Total Benefits as a percentage of premium It is an indicator of financial performance. This measure helps in pricing of insurance policies. It helps to know the risk factors associated with each policy and set fair premiums. Total paid benefits as a percentage of premium = Total paid benefits/Total premium earned Q. How to ensure quality in service business and how to enhance quality in service sector? Ans-There are several ways to ensure and enhance the quality of an insurance company. These are listed below. †¢Six Sigma concepts can be implemented to ensure quality and conform to consumer needs. Six Sigma concepts make use of statistical tools which makes measurement of results easier. †¢Dividing the company into departments based on different categories of insurance such as separate departments for car insurance and health insurance. This would provide better understanding of which categories of insurance should be improved by the company. Deciding on the maximum time to settle an insurance claim. This would allow to improve service and quality of claim processes as claims would be settled more quickly. †¢Online information should be used to provide policy holders with accounts that provide updated information regarding their claims and premium payments. †¢Insurance companies can get into an strategic partnership with mobile banking providers so that customer s can pay their premiums through mobile banking †¢A chart showing the updated rankings of brokers should be available to all brokers. This would increase competition and let the brokers know how much they are lacking behind others. †¢Incentives for top performing brokers should also be announced in advance to keep the motivation level high throughout and improve services. †¢Regular training programs should be conducted for brokers in order to increase their marketing and selling skills †¢A complaint center should be established in the premises to deal with the complaints received from customers. The complaints should be discussed and a corrective action plan should be develop to deal with problem. The action plan should be implemented and results must be analyzed †¢A maximum time to act on a complaint should be decided within that time the department has to act on the complaint. The corrective action taken should be documented and implemented within the specified time †¢External benchmarking with other insurance companies might also be helpful in identifying short comings and improving services †¢Define to brokers the criteria of quality customer interaction and to led them act on it How to cite Operations Management in Insurance Sector, Papers

Should voluntary euthanasia be allowed in Hong Kong free essay sample

The issue of euthanasia has been discussed for decades. Euthanasia is a medical practice to end one’s life with the purpose to alleviate pain or suffering while voluntary euthanasia is one of its categories that carried out at the request of the patient. A few years ago, a paralyzed patient had requested for euthanasia to end his life painlessly. This attracted wide attention among the general public in Hong Kong. People started to discuss whether euthanasia should be allowed. This essay argues the possibility to allow voluntary euthanasia in Hong Kong. It will begin with the debate on euthanasia with different perspectives. It will conclude that voluntary euthanasia should be allowed for the benefits of the suffered patient. One of the main pro-euthanasia arguments is that the patient should have her own right to choose between life and death. Brock (1992) points out that respect for self-determination of the patient is important because self-determination allows people to make decision about their lives with respect to their own values and conceptions of a good life. We will write a custom essay sample on Should voluntary euthanasia be allowed in Hong Kong? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If the patient got a terminal disease and suffered a lot, euthanasia can give her a chance to die in a more comfortable way. Everyone wants to die in a peaceful way without pain. What is more, the interests of the patient should be considered as the most preference when discussing euthanasia because it is the most affected and the most suffered party. The patient who wants to terminate her life when they feel unable to sustain living should be free to do so because suicide is not a criminal offence (Pauline, 1999). If suicide is not a criminal offense in Hong Kong, why voluntary euthanasia cannot be allowed as it is one form of suicide? Healthy people are able to promote better lives for themselves but the patient with terminal/incurable disease has no choice for a better living. As a result, the possible way that the patient can do is to ask for euthanasia. In conclusion, the patient has the autonomy to choose the best way for his life therefore voluntary euthanasia should be allowed for the sake of the patient. However, the opponents of euthanasia are worried about the slippery slope effect. The slippery slope argument on euthanasia claims that any practice to allow voluntary euthanasia may easily lead to involuntary euthanasia (Pappas, 1996). If voluntary euthanasia is allowed, there will be more chance to misuse or abuse euthanasia. Chambaere et al. (2010) find that over a quarter of life-ending cases is done without explicit requests from the patients in Belgium which is one of the countries that allow voluntary euthanasia. Along with, Thomson (1994) realizes that the interval between the request for euthanasia and its implementation is actually short. That means the patient may not have enough buffering time to rethink the decision. However, the patient may be influenced by depression or pain when at the time of making decision for euthanasia. The poor decision of the patient may cause misuse of euthanasia that lead to unexpected loss of lives. Moreover, the historical example from the Nazi euthanasia programme in 1930s caused the fear of abuse of euthanasia. Pappas (1996) worried that allowing voluntary euthanasia can lead to horrified abuse of euthanasia which has no difference with murdering. The original purpose of euthanasia will then be blurred. In brief, to allow voluntary euthanasia may cause uncontrolled situation of the slippery slope effect. To avoid this, it should not take the first step to have any legislative action on euthanasia.

Transcultural Nursing in relation to Holistic Nursing Practice The WritePass Journal

Transcultural Nursing in relation to Holistic Nursing Practice Introduction Transcultural Nursing in relation to Holistic Nursing Practice IntroductionTranscultural NursingThe Culture Care Diversity and Universality Theory by Madeleine LeiningerThe Sunrise EnablerThe Ethno-nursing MethodHolistic Nursing PracticeThe Theory of Environmental Adaptation by Florence NightingaleTranscultural Nursing vs. Holistic Nursing PracticeConclusionReferencesRelated Introduction Diversity of the world’s population has reached a point where it is vital to address and more importantly to understand, the ever growing challenge that transcultural nursing poses to the nursing profession. Addressing this issue avoids discrimination and promotes equality within holistic nursing practice in order to meet patients’ needs. Health care professionals should be qualified to deliver, on a daily basis, proficient care and sensitive skilled communication to culturally different individuals (Maier-Lorentz, 2008). To exercise professional nursing in a conceptual way holistic nursing care focuses on physical, emotional, social, environmental and spiritual aspects as well as on the idea that any individual involved in treatment care should be treated as a whole and with dignity (Dossey Guzzetta, 2005). One of the areas to be discussed is Transcultural Nursing and Leininger’s Transcultural Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality and its research enablers: the Sunrise Enabler and the Ethnonursing Method. Another area will be Holistic Nursing Practice and Nightingale’s Nursing Theory of Environmental Adaptation as well as the liaison between Transcultural Nursing and Holistic Nursing Practice. Nightingale’s theory has been chosen over others because she was the first to acknowledge nurses’ work in a theoretical framework and also because she was considered to be the mother of nursing practices (Ellis, 2008). The development of culture care theory introduced health care professionals into a new nursing dimension formed by issues such as culture background, spirituality, environment and others that demonstrated how culture and health care are linked (Leininger, 2002a). Holistic Nursing Practice encourages active communication and reciprocal understanding, underlines the exercise of physiological and psychosocial awareness, it is based on logical thinking and supports values such as autonomy and patient wishes and tendencies (MacKinnon, 2010). Transcultural Nursing Transcultural nursing may be defined as a method to contrast and observe how individuals view health care, biased by their culture background. The principles of practising transcultural nursing are to provide complete nursing care to individuals or groups by treating them with respect and taking into account their cultural factors. It is all about nursing practice applied to cultural values and limitations (Leininger, 1991). Definitions of transcultural nursing incorporate many factors that shape the individual’s cultural orientation. These include are age, sexual orientation and financial aspects. It has been suggested that by ignoring these culture background factors, health care professionals do not achieve enough cultural experience to be incorporated in holistic nursing practice (Barnes et al. 2000). This absence might lead to unsafe nursing care and both dissatisfied patients and professionals (Curren, 2006 cited in Leininger McFarland, 2006, pp.159-160). To promote transcultural nursing care, Narayan (2001) felt that there are four crucial attitudes to assume caring, empathy, openness and flexibility. This shows the patients a cultural understanding, appreciation, consideration and willingness from health care professionals that are based on individual care. Cultural education and the creation of culturally competent care professionals are one of the biggest challenges yet to tackle worldwide. For instance, in America, as the migrant population increases notably so it does the need for reducing inequalities and barriers such as language. Maier-Lorentz (2008) firmly understood that such a need could be met by the targeting of bilingual health care professionals coming from different backgrounds. Moreover, she suggested that in order to provide culturally competent nursing care, some knowledge of non-vocal communication signs could be of great value, as it is in eye contact, touch, silence, space and distance, and health care habits. Green-Hernandez (2004) recommended that as a step towards multicultural competency, professionals that need to deal with farmers should familiarize themselves with their specific customs such as using animal medication for their own conditions as a consequence of living far away from the care institutions. With the purpose of understanding culture, Andrews Boyle (1997) gave out diverse illustrations. For example, they suggested that by understanding a people’s proverbs, professionals may grasp knowledge of the cultural values shared by that population. The authors also stressed the importance of culture knowledge when coming across two different ways to view stealing. For one culture it may not be acceptable whereas for another one, e.g. gipsy people, it may be ok, as long as it is coming from a better-off person. Furthermore, they also found, through researchers, that different cultures may think that by being a demanding patient, the treatment they receive may improve. Riley (2004) reported that a foremost test for nurses in an ethnically different society is communication. Not just words but also tone and volume form spoken communication which in diverse cultures differs greatly. For example, Thai people are regarded as not talking too much as they believe it is a sign of idiocy whereas Cuban people are happy with talking vociferously. He also pointed out that Europeans are not afraid of talking about emotions whereas Asians are hesitant to do so. With regards to communication without words Riley (2004) explained that eye contact is not always expected. For instances, in Native America and Asian cultures it is offensive and among Muslim Arab women it is allowed only to their husbands. Therefore, he identified the importance for healthcare professionals to be culturally aware. Phillimore (2011) explored the challenge of provision of diversity needs in the UK based on studies done on health care service provision to new migrants, during 2007/08 in Birmingham. She stated that with political forces wanting to reduce welfare support for new migrants, such provision becomes quite a challenge. She also believed that, in the long run, this disregarding of health care needs will lead to further issues for the health care system that otherwise could be avoided by just providing what is needed now: cultural and language services and health support. It was also suggested that in today’s political climate offering of ethnically specific provision by the community and for the community, results in the local needs not being met, as the existing GP systems are already overstretched. She concluded that a number of migrants are condemned to an unwelcoming future since UK seems to embrace a tendency of anti-migrant sentiment and a move to community institution instead of multicultural provision (Phillimore, 2011). The Culture Care Diversity and Universality Theory by Madeleine Leininger In the 1950’s Madeleine Leininger, a nurse-anthropologist, realised that nursing practice was requiring a theory to allow people to transform nursing into a more advanced and beneficial discipline that challenges nurses to open up to cultural variety and universality (Leininger, 2006). This was developed as a response to the demand for multicultural care which was immense and yet incomplete as many healthcare systems did not consider the need for bringing together culture and nursing care (Giger Davidhizar, 2008). The culture care diversity and universality theory developed by Leininger in 1991 (Leininger, 2002a) is unique in that it focuses on competent care, can be used upon any culture and is based not only on individuals but groups and families too. The theory addresses the importance of a consistent cultural competence instrument to acquire cultural awareness through a constant learning attitude and approval towards human differences and rights by health care professionals (Burford, 2001, cited in Baxter, 2001, pp. 202-203). Leininger (2002a) insisted on the importance of transcultural knowledge as a tool to avoid human acts such as the event of September 11, 2001. She then proposed the culture care theory as the most holistic approach to gradually transform the health system. This much needed transformation requires understanding of individuals in ways that identify and respect their cultural background and will lead us to understand such transcultural dismay. The theory was used in a study among Hispanic home care patients in the US, 2007, in order to identify cultural needs. As a result, care delivery improved in some areas and there was a suggestion describing the use of the model as a tool to reduce costs in the health care system (Woerner et al. 2009). Leininger’s theory applies not only to races from different backgrounds but also to today’s controversial groups such as transgendered people, disabled people , the youth, poverty and the homeless that may pose a certain degree of difficulty of understanding to healthcare professionals. There is also an agreement that, thanks to Leininger’s culture care theory, the nursing profession today knows how to allow for culture when looking after individuals and has a widely spread   caring philosophy in hospitals (Clarke et al. 2009). For this model to assist the health care professional to understand factors as important as management and policies, as well as being able to reflect on their decisions and actions, Leininger designed two tool assessments, The Sunrise Enabler and the Ethno Nursing research method, which are based on monitoring treatment care on a daily basis (Hubbert, 2006, cited in Leininger McFarland, 2006, pp. 354-356). The sunrise enabler focuses mainly on total life ways and caring factors influencing health and well-being, disabilities and death. It also identifies features influenced by the patient’s cultural background whereas ethnonursing finds ways in which multicultural care could be better. In doing so, the reflected culture becomes part of the holistic nursing practice (Leininger, 2006). The Sunrise Enabler The Sunrise Enabler is used as an assessment tool to enable multidisciplinary teams to deliver suitable and competent cultural assessments that impede intolerance and stereotype behaviour. This is to supply the healthcare system with a guide to cultural vicinities ranging from religious beliefs to economic factors (Giger Davidhizar, 2008). Wherever a healthcare professional starts the model either from the top or from the bottom, the most important feature is to listen to the individuals, trying to grasp ideas and concepts rather than enforcing them (Leininger, 2002a). Healthcare professionals struggled to understand the meaning of factors influencing the care practice so crucial when applying the culture care theory. Such factors as culture beliefs, environment and religion were to be included in the nursing care, therefore Leininger (1997) built the Sunrise Enabler to illustrate such aspects. The Ethno-nursing Method This method was developed to fit the purposes of qualitative research methods. It is a systematic method for studying multiple cultures and care factors within a familiar environment of people and to focus on the interrelationships of care and culture to arrive at the goal of culturally congruent care. Ethnonursing is a particular research method developed by Leininger to inspect the theory. It was developed to allow health care professionals to discover new ways of helping different cultural groups distinguish features of nursing care (Leininger, 2006). Leininger (2006, p.6) stated that the ethnonursing method â€Å"†¦was new and unknown in nursing and was different from other qualitative methods including ethnography†. Holistic Nursing Practice The exercise of modern nursing is based on the view of holism that underlines the individual’s wholeness. Healing viewed as an indication of nursing practice that treats people as whole, developed in the late 20th and early 21st century into a popular subject in nursing in order to clarify the meaning of wholeness and holism. As a result, alternative therapies surfaced as approaches of practice in holistic nursing (Locsin, 2002). The definition of holistic came into effect in the 20th century. Then the word holism included the physical, emotional, mental, social, cultural, and spiritual view. This view of holism was envisioned by Florence Nightingale who is seen today as an example to follow, although many of her studies are not used in today’s nursing practice (Beck, 2010). â€Å"Holistic nursing care embraces the mind, body and spirit of the patient, in a culture that supports a therapeutic nurse/patient relationship, resulting in wholeness, harmony and healing. Holistic care is patient led and patient focused in order to provide individualised care, thereby, caring for the patient as a whole person rather than in fragmented parts† (McEvoy Duffy, 2008, Vol.8, p. 418). Furthermore, it addressed the expansion of multidisciplinary and collaborative teams as a way to applying holistic care into practice and asserted that the practice of holistic care by health professionals should avoid intrusion and, when really needed, as it is the case of unconscious patients, should use skills that include aspects such as consideration, disciplined criticism and liability in order to exercise nursing in a holistic approach (McEvoy Duffy, 2008). Since individuals from different culture backgrounds may appreciate holistic nursing practice and care choices in different ways so is the healthcare provided in different ways (Locsin, 2001). It may also be the case that some individuals may feel embarrassed to mention alternative remedies used in the past, therefore the assessment should be supportive rather than disapproving (Maddalena, 2009). Pearcey (2007) ran a study on clinical practices amongst student nurses to draw on a few key points related to holistic nursing practice. It was found that the notion of holistic care was not clear within nursing practice. Some students claimed not to know the right meaning of holistic nursing practice and also claimed that tasks and routines are what nursing is all about. The study showed an evident lack of professionalism and knowledge amongst care professionals as well as a huge gap between what is taught and what is really applied at work. The author concluded that there is a real risk of inconsistency within the profession. Within the practice of holistic care there has been lately a huge influence of alternative or complementary medicine which care experts have tried to professionalise by setting certain values to be met. A study amongst nurses and midwives accomplished in England, 2008, revealed this but also the lack of initiative from the NHS to incorporate such practices, even though it was demonstrated that a huge variety of them were successfully applied on patients where biomedicine seemed not to work. Such practices included reflexology, aromatherapy, acupuncture and massage that actually underlined biomedicine rather than substituted (Cant et al. 2011). Whilst carrying out an interview on medical students in the UK, a student suggested that it is actually a catch-22-situation when looking after patients from diverse races as they have diverse predominance of whatever conditions that eventually will require different treatment, a world apart from what is being taught in medical schools with regards to treating everyone in the same way (Roberts et al. 2008). A quick look to Harrison (2008) for a concluding comment on multicultural nursing in relation to holistic care, offers us this brief view: a Western health care organism that has not managed to treat minority communities in a holistic manner is a system that claims to care for one and all identically. The Theory of Environmental Adaptation by Florence Nightingale According to Nightingale’s Theory of Environmental Adaptation, an individual’s health is improved by looking after the surrounding environment. It goes further than this and asks for the environment to be operated by the health care professionals as an approach to healing (Howett et al.   2010). Florence Nightingale defined nursing as â€Å"†¦the act of utilising the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery† (Funnell et al. 2009). She determined that the deficiency of factors such as uncontaminated air, clean water, sanitation, hygiene and sunlight is unhealthy to the human being. Furthermore, she reasoned that temperature, environment and nutrition affect the patient (Kozier, et al. 2008). This theory of nursing includes inspection, recognition of environment changes and their execution and supporting the patient health care by allowing the environment to benefit the patient (Neils, 2010). Selanders (2010) reviewed and compared this theory’s aspects with modern day practice and reported that Nightingale’s concept, such as air, light, noise and cleanliness is equal to today’s concept of physical environment; health recommendations to psychological environment; food to nutritional status and observation to nursing management. The author also estimated that the theory has been used in several qualitative works and some studies on the childbirth process. Transcultural Nursing vs. Holistic Nursing Practice According to Leininger (2002b) patients are not provided full holistic care by health professionals. Factors such as kinship, religion, environment and culture are largely missing. For that reason, care professionals should avoid being judgmental when delivering holistic care and rather provide an all-inclusive care that respects the individual’s cultural background (Maddalena, 2009). As a student nurse, it is vital to value the development of cultural awareness and competency within the profession in order to encourage and address all stages of holistic nursing practice as it is meaningful to today’s multicultural society. Leininger (1997) also claimed that essential practice is needed to create a regulation of multicultural nursing that could be of use to much ignored cultures. For example, acute medical treatment, medication, and patient fulfilment can be improved by understanding care beliefs when bringing in nursing care which, in turn, could save the health care system financially and also have a desired positive outcome on patients (Woerner et al. 2009). Individuals or groups may clash with health professionals if they are not showing respect for each other’s cultural beliefs resulting in poor treatment and patients losing hope in the health care system. Hogg (2010a) also underpinned this understanding as crucial to delivering accurate holistic nursing practice. However, not only patients may lose faith in the system. Hogg (2010b) also affirmed that nurses from black and minority ethnic have suffered, at some point, racial harassment as well as lack of opportunities according to their numbers in the nursing profession. As holistic nursing practice centres on recognition of patients’ rights and choices (Potter, 2005 cited in Dossey et al. 2005, p.347), it is subsequently supporting the meaning behind multicultural care. The association of both precepts confirms an ongoing engagement to pursue equality and diversity as promoted by the Nursing Midwifery Council (2008). â€Å"Inherent in nursing is respect for human rights, including cultural rights, the right to life and choice, to dignity and to be treated with respect. Nursing care is respectful of and unrestricted by considerations of age, colour, creed, culture, disability or illness, gender, sexual orientation, nationality, politics, race or social status† (The International Council for Nurses, 2005). When assessing, planning, implementing and evaluating a patient’s needs as to medication, health professionals should take into account culture’s physiologic traits, as it can seriously impact the treatment. For instances, due to genetics, for one patient a normal given dose may develop a reaction whereas for another it may not work at all (Anon, 2005). Conclusion It is obvious that cultural competency is a must when performing holistic nursing practice, in order to deliver a responsive and high quality care system. It is therefore recommended that specific cultural training should be given to all health care professionals so as to not overlook the great multi-cultural society we all are in. As society becomes more diverse, health care professionals should expand guiding principles that sponsor cultural skills as a way to deliver enhanced holistic healthcare. By carrying out this essay, the author realises the significance of treating people in a holistic way and not making assumptions just because they are from different cultures. This is something that seems yet not to be well implemented in my workplace (NHS since 2007). The author will, from now on, be more aware of his practice when caring for individuals from different culture backgrounds. It can be considered that nursing as a profession is also an example of human culture so indispensable for a in peak condition community, as seen looking through the theories of nursing and its tools presented in this paper, which if not recognized may affect the execution of holistic practice and its results, i.e. it is a profession whose culture needs to be elastic if it is to fulfil its function. References Andrews, M., M., Boyle, J., S., (1997) Competence in Transcultural Nursing Care. American Journal of Nursing. [Online]. 97 (8), pp.16AAA-16DDD. Available from: http://ovidsp.tx.ovid.com/sp-3.3.1a/ovidweb.cgi?S=EHLPFPCDPPDDHHPPNCCLKEDCHEEBAA00Link+Set=S.sh.15|1|sl_10 [accessed 20th March 2011]. Anonymous, (2005). Understanding transcultural nursing. Nursing 2005. [Online]. 35 (1) p. 21. Available from: http://ovidsp.tx.ovid.com/sp-3.3.1a/ovidweb.cgi?WebLinkFrameset=1S=IEMKFPLPLODDGHLBNCCLCBIBLGGDAA00returnUrl=ovidweb.cgi%3f%26Titles%3dS.sh.15%257c1%257c10%26FORMAT [accessed 20th March 2011]. Barnes, D., M., Craig, K., K., Chambers, K., B., (2000). A review of the concept of culture in holistic nursing literature. Journal of holistic nursing. [Online]. 18 (3), p. 209, Available from: http://jhn.sagepub.com/content/18/3/207 [accessed 11th February 2011]. Beck, D., (2010) Remembering Florence Nightingales Panorama: 21st-Century Nursing−At a Critical Crossroads. Journal of Holistic Nursing. [Online]. 28 (4), pp. 293-295. Available from: http://ezproxy.napier.ac.uk:2823/content/28/4/291.full.pdf+html [accessed 21st March 2011]. Burford, B., (2001). The cultural competence model. In: Baxter, C., (2001) Managing Diversity Inequality in Health Care. Edinburgh: Harcourt Publishers, pp. 202-203. Cant, S., Watts, P., Ruston, A., (2011).   Negotiating competency, professionalism and risk:  The integration of complementary and alternative medicine by nurses and midwives in NHS hospitals. Social and Science Medicine. [Online]. 72 (4), pp. 529-533. Available from: http://ezproxy.napier.ac.uk:2152/science?_ob=MImg_imagekey=B6VBF-51PRYF2-3-1_cdi=5925_user=132448_pii=S0277953610008294_origin=gateway_coverDate=02%2F28%2F2011_sk=999279995view=cwchp=dGLbVzb-zSkzSmd5=5ba01dbfd0bec164153cdcfb3c576b78ie=/sdarticle.pdf [accessed 31st March 2011]. Clarke, P., N., McFarland, M., R., Andrews, M., M., Leininger, M., (2009).   Caring: Some Reflections on the Impact of the Culture Care Theory by McFarland Andrews and Conversation with Leininger. Nursing Science Quarterly. [Online]. 22 (3), pp.234-237. Available from: http://ezproxy.napier.ac.uk:3158/content/22/3/233.full.pdf+html [accessed 2nd April 2011]. Curren, D., A., (2006). Culture Care Needs in the Clinical Setting. In: Leininger, M., McFarland, M.,R., (2006) Culture Care Diversity and Universality: A worldwide nursing theory (2nd ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones Bartlett, pp. 159-160. Dossey, B. M., Guzzetta, C., E., (2005) Holistic Nursing Practice. In: Dossey, B. M., Keegan, L., Guzzetta, C., E., (2005) Holistic Nursing: A handbook for practice. (4th ed). Sudbury, MA: Jones Bartlett Publishers, pp. 32-33. Ellis, H. (2008) Florence Nightingale: creator of modern nursing and public health pioneer. Journal of Perioperative Practice. [Online] 18 (9), pp. 404-406. Available from: http://ezproxy.napier.ac.uk:2083/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=965b1f56-f54c-4a4c-a8bd-1905cb576d1b%40sessionmgr10vid=1hid=18     [accessed 18th February 2011]. Funnell, R., Koutoukidis, G., Lawrence, K., (2009). Tabbners Nursing Care: Theory and Practice. (5th ed). Chatswood, N.S.W.:  Elsevier Australia. Giger, J., N., Davidhizar, R., E., (2008). Transcultural Nursing: Assessment and Intervention. (5th ed). Missouri: Mosby Elsevier. Green-Hernandez, C., Quinn, A., A., Denman-Vitale, S., Falkenstern, S., Judge-Ellis, T., (2004). Making Primary Care Culturally Competent. The Nurse Practitioner. [Online].   29 (6), p. 51. Available from: http://ezproxy.napier.ac.uk:2083/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=19hid=8sid=6f3fcd96-903f-4ca3-9709-39e0b3d63d3e%40sessionmgr113 [accessed 30th March 2011]. Harrison, P., (2008). Thinking holistic, thinking integrated? Journal of Integrated Care. [Online]. 16 (2) p.44. Available from: http://ezproxy.napier.ac.uk:2083/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=20hid=24sid=67bf3a85-e548-475a-ac5f-a761877ae0a5%40sessionmgr11 [accessed 31st March 2011]. Hogg, C., (2010a). Understanding the theory of health and illness beliefs. In: Holland, K., Hogg, C., (2010). Cultural awareness in nursing and health care. London: Hodder Arnold, p.16. Hogg, C., (2010b). Cultural Diversity and Professional Practice. In: Holland, K., Hogg, C., (2010). Cultural awareness in nursing and health care. London: Hodder Arnold, pp. 203-205. Howett, M., Connor, A.,      Downes, E., (2010).Nightingale Theory and Intentional Comfort Touch in Management of Tinea Pedis in Vulnerable Populations. Journal of Holistic Nursing. [Online]. 28 (4) p. 244. Available from: http://ezproxy.napier.ac.uk:2823/content/28/4/244.full.pdf+html [accessed 15the March 2011]. Hubbert, A., O., (2006) Application of the Culture Care Theory for Clinical Nurse Administrators and Managers. In: Leininger, M., McFarland, M., R., (2006) Culture Care Diversity and Universality: A worldwide nursing theory (2nd ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones Bartlett, pp. 354-356. Kozier, B., Erb, G., Berman, A., Snyder, S., Lake, R., Harvey, S., (2008). Fundamentals of nursing. Concepts, process and practice. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. Leininger, M., (1991). Culture care diversity and universality: a theory of nursing. New York: National League for Nursing Press. In: Leininger, M., (1997). Transcultural Nursing Research to Transform Nursing Education and Practice: 40 Years. Journal of Nursing Scholarship. [Online]. 29 (4), p. 344. Available from: http://ezproxy.napier.ac.uk:2899/doi/10.1111/j.1547-5069.1997.tb01053.x/pdf [accessed 30th March 2011]. Leininger, M., (1997) Overview of the Theory of Culture Care with the Ethnonursing Research Method. Journal of Transcultural Nursing. [Online] 8 (2), p. 32-51. Available from: http://tcn.sagepub.com/content/8/2/32.extract   [accessed 16th February 2011]. Leininger, M., (2002a). Culture Care Theory: A Major Contribution to Advance Transcultural Nursing Knowledge and Practices. Journal of Transcultural Nursing. [Online]. 13 (3), pp.189-190. Available from: http://tcn.sagepub.com/content/13/3/189 [accessed 25th February 2011]. Leininger, M., (2002b) Founder’s Focus: Linguistic Clichà ©s and Buzzwords in the Culture of Nursing. Journal of Transcultural Nursing. [Online]. 13 (4), p. 334, Available from: http://tcn.sagepub.com/content/13/4/334 [accessed 25th February 2001]. Leininger, M.,  (2006)  Culture care diversity  and universality theory and evolution of the ethnonursing method. In: Leininger, M., McFarland M., R. (2006). Culture  care diversity and universality. A worldwide nursing theory. (2nd ed). Sudbury, MA: Jones Bartlett Publishers. p. 20-22. Locsin, R., C., (2002). Culture Perspectives. Holistic Healing: A Practice of Nursing. Holistic Nursing Practice. {Online]. 16 (5), pp. ix-x. Available from: http://ezproxy.napier.ac.uk:2083/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=6hid=127sid=0ac34b19-9151-40a3-aa73-db1c67bfcd63%40sessionmgr115 [accessed 30th March 2011]. MacKinnon, F., (2010). Holistic Nursing Practice. Available from: http://vista.napier.ac.uk/webct/urw/lc2614698887011.tp2614698927011/displayContentPage.dowebct?updateBreadcrumb=falsepageID=3565742930031 [accessed 30th March 2011]. Maddalena, V., (2009). Cultural Competence and Holistic Practice: implications for nursing education, practice, and research. . Holistic Nursing Practice. 23 (3) pp.156-157. Available from: http://ezproxy.napier.ac.uk:2099/sp-3.3.1a/ovidweb.cgi?S=AGEGFPPEJIDDKGKDNCCLNEIBICCAAA00Link+Set=S.sh.15|1|sl_10 [accesed 30th March 2011]. Maier-Lorentz, M., M., (2008). Transcultural nursing: its importance in nursing practice. Journal of Cultural Diversity. [Online]. 15 (1), pp.37-43. Available from: http://ezproxy.napier.ac.uk:2083/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=7hid=123sid=6f3fcd96-903f-4ca3-9709-39e0b3d63d3e%40sessionmgr113 [accessed 30th March 2011]. McEvoy, L., Duffy, A., (2008). Holistic practice- A concept analysis. Nursing Education in Practice. [Online]. 8 (6), pp. 416-418. Available from: http://download.journals.elsevierhealth.com/pdfs/journals/1471-5953/PIIS147159530800019X.pdf [accessed 30th March 2011]. Narayan, M., C., (2001). Six steps toward cultural competency: a clinician’s guide. Home Health Care Management and Practice. [Online]. 14 (1), p. 41. Available from: http://hhc.sagepub.com/content/14/1/40.full.pdf [accessed 30th March 2011]. Neils, P., E., (2010). The influence of nightingale rounding by the liaison nurse on surgical patient families with attention to differing cultural needs. Journal of Holistic Nursing. 28 (4) p. 242. Available from: http://jhn.sagepub.com/content/28/4/235 [accessed 26th March 2011]. Nursing Midwifery Council (2008) The code: Standards of conduct, performance and ethics for nurses and midwives. Available from: nmc-uk.org/Documents/Standards/The-code-A4-20100406.pdf   [accessed 14th February 2011]. Pearcey, P., (2007). Tasks and routines in 21ST century nursing: student nurse’s perceptions. British Journal of Nursing. [Online]. 16 (5), pp. 296-300. Available from:   http://ezproxy.napier.ac.uk:2083/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=6hid=17sid=67bf3a85-e548-475a-ac5f-a761877ae0a5%40sessionmgr11   [accessed 31st March 2011]. Phillimore, J., (2011). Approaches to health provision in the age of super-diversity: accessing the NHS in Britain’s most diverse city. Critical Social Policy. [Online]. 31 (1), pp. 5-25. Available from: http://csp.sagepub.com/content/31/1/5 [accessed 30th March 2011]. Potter, P., J., (2005) The holistic caring process. In: Dossey, B. M., Keegan, L., Guzzetta, C., E., (2005) Holistic Nursing: A handbook for practice. (4th ed). Sudbury, MA: Jones Bartlett, p. 347. Riley, J., B., (2004). Communication in Nursing. (5th ed). St Louis: Mosby. Roberts, J., H., Sanders, T., Wass, V., (2008) Students perceptions of race, ethnicity and culture at two UK medical schools: a qualitative study. Medical Education. [Online]. 42 (1), p.50. Available from: http://ezproxy.napier.ac.uk:2083/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=21hid=24sid=67bf3a85-e548-475a-ac5f-a761877ae0a5%40sessionmgr11 [accessed 31st March 2011]. Selanders, L., C., (2010). The Power of Environmental Adaptation: Florence Nightingales Original Theory for Nursing Practice. Journal of Holistic Nursing. [Online]. 28 (1), p. 84. Available from: http://ezproxy.napier.ac.uk:2823/content/28/1/81.full.pdf+html [accessed 2nd April 2010]. The International Council for Nurses, (2005). The ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses. Available from:icn.ch/images/stories/documents/about/icncode_english.pdf [accessed 20th March 2011]. Woerner, L., Espinosa, J., Bourne, S., O’toole, M., Ingerson, G., L., (2009). Project Exito!: Success through diversity and universality for outcomes improvement among Hispanic home care patients. [Online]. Nursing Outlook. 57 (5), p.271. Available from: http://ezproxy.napier.ac.uk:2152/science?_ob=MImg_imagekey=B6WNY-4XB1JCX-B-1_cdi=6975_user=132448_pii=S0029655409000177_origin=gateway_coverDate=10%2F31%2F2009_sk=999429994view=cwchp=dGLzVlz-zSkzkmd5=04d1ebfb99f4824da35541a0a368b5a6ie=/sdarticle.pdf [accessed 30th March 2011].

Marriage Words

Marriage Words Marriage Words Marriage Words By Maeve Maddox In my reading last night, I discovered a new marriage word: hypergamy [hye-PER-guh-mee]: marriage with a partner of higher social standing. Cinderella’s marriage to the prince is an example of hypergamy. Hypergamy belongs to a group of English words formed with -gamy, a suffix derived from Greek words for husband, wife, and marry. The presence of this suffix indicates that a word has something to do with marriage or reproduction. Most of these words relate to botany or biology, but several apply to people. bigamy: marriage with a second wife or husband when already married. Bigamy became a criminal offense in England and Wales in 1640, and a federal offense in the United States in 1862. deuterogamy: marriage a second time; marriage after the death of a first husband or wife. digamy: another word for deuterogamy. endogamy: (anthropology) The custom of marrying only within the limits of a clan or tribe. exogamy: (anthropology) The custom by which a man is bound to take a wife outside his own clan or group. hypergamy: marriage with a partner of higher social standing. homogamy: marriage between partners of equal social status. hypogamy: marriage of a woman into a lower caste or into a tribe of lower standing than her own. misogamy: hatred of or opposition to marriage. monogamy: The condition, rule, or custom of being married to only one person at a time. Once it meant not remarrying after the death of a first spouse. pantagamy: A communal system of marriage in which all the men and women of a household or community are regarded as married to each other polygamy: The practice or custom of having more than one spouse at the same time. octogamy: Marriage with eight spouses (successively or at the same time). Even the much-married Wife of Bath had only five husbands, but several modern celebrities have achieved the status of octogamist. Note on pantagamy: In 1848, an American preacher, John Humphrey Noyes, founded a communal religious settlement at Oneida, New York. Noyes is credited with having coined the term â€Å"free love.† The community supported itself by manufacturing silverware, leather bags, woven hats, and garden furniture. Possessiveness and exclusive sexual relationships were frowned upon, with the result that members recognized something called â€Å"complex marriage†: any member was free to have sex with any other consenting member. The community was dissolved in 1881 and the practice of pantagamy ended. Its silver manufacturing operation went on to become Oneida Limited, a company still headquartered near the site of the defunct community, although the manufacturing has been outsourced abroad. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Computer Terms You Should KnowEmpathy "With" or Empathy "For"?10 Terms for the Common People

Executive Briefing Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Executive Briefing Paper - Essay Example A mentor can be one of employees with vast experience (in-house) or might hire a professional hired from outside the company (external) to provide guidance to employees of an organization (Lord, Atkinson, and Mitchell 2008, 16-17). Regardless of the type of mentor used, both act as role models to the employees of an organization by providing them with professional advice and guidance through which they can improve in their line of work. Research indicates that the mentorship in an organization has many benefits attached to it, which is why many organizations are eager at developing the culture. Costa Coffee is one of the U.K. companies that may benefit greatly by adopting such a culture following its number of employees who require more training for the ever-expanding business outlets that offer more challenging environment which require a high level of professionalism. This paper is an executive briefing to the management of Costa Coffee on the benefits likely to accrue to the company by adopting a mentoring culture. As earlier stated, many companies are making moves towards developing a mentoring culture within the organization. This company does so because they have realized the numerous benefits that are attached to mentoring culture according to Spencer (1999, p.8-10). Firstly, mentoring is beneficial since it is a cost effective means of training many employees so as to improve their experience. This is particularly beneficial for Costa Coffee, which has many employees spread from different stores that may require more training so as to improve them professionally (Dana 2010, p.8). The method is cost effective in the Costa Coffee will not have to send its employees for a seminar or training workshop to get training. Instead, the company can have the option of choosing a mentor from within who may be an employee with a wealth of experience in line with the area that requires more training (Lord, Atkinson, and Mitchell 2008, 16-17). Alternatively, Costa

Senate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Senate - Essay Example CA senators are term-limited to two terms while US senators are not. Such structural differences however, are merely superficial. The importance of the California economy to the nation’s economy makes holding a job on, for example, the agriculture committee in CA a critical job, and one on par with many US Senate committee assignments. CA senators command great respect due to their role in overseeing the critical state budget and economy. While US Senators have more formal powers due to appointment oversight roles, the structural differences between the jobs – even in light of the term limits – can be made too much of. Both jobs serve critical legislative functions. Where the real differences between the two bodies exist is found in political factors. Because the CA senate has been continuously in the hands of the Democratic Party since 1970, it is essentially a one-party system. Republicans state senators can have impact on their specific districts, but the stat ewide power is held exclusively by a single party.

Ford Motor Company Supply Chain Strategy Essay -- Ford business Strate

Ford Motor Company Supply Chain Strategy Background In 1913, Henry Ford revolutionized product manufacturing by introducing the first assembly line to the automotive industry. Ford’s hallmark of achievement proved to be a key competence for the motor company as the low cost of the Model T attracted a broader, new range of prospective car-owners. However, after many decades of success, customers have become harder to find. Due to relatively new threats to the industry, increasing numbers of cars and trucks are parked in dealer lots and showrooms creating an alarming trend of stagnation and profit erosion. Foreign-based automakers, such as Toyota and Honda, have expanded operations onto domestic shores and, in turn, have wrestled market share from American automakers. As a direct result, unit over-capacity has steadily risen, while heightened competition and diverse product lines have led to increasing customer demands. To answer these threats, Ford has made recent attempts to transform its dated vertical integration production model into a maneuverable, efficient supply chain. Emphasizing methods such as Just-In-Time (JIT) inventory, Total Quality Management (TQM), and Synchronous Material Flow (SMF), Ford has derived a multi-tiered system of supply. The tier system consists of numerous generic suppliers, â€Å"tier two† and below, who are managed by â€Å"tier one† vehicle sub-system suppliers. The â€Å"tier one† suppliers, by nature, are completely dependent upon Ford’s survival since the provided sub-system component is specific solely to Ford. Dell and Virtual Integration Despite the revamping effort, Ford remains plagued with prolonged Order-To-Delivery (OTD) time periods, congested inventories and error-ridden procurement processes. Upon investigation, these troublesome issues appear to be well addressed by the radically new direct business model of the Dell Computer Corporation. Dell differentiates itself through the utilization of virtual integration, an efficient and effective direct business model facilitated by electronic business providing Build-To-Order (BTO) products directly to customers. The process begins with the customer specifying exactly which features are to be included in the desired computer. Dell, then, buys components from several different suppliers via Internet-based JIT ordering. By using Dell’s process of JIT ordering , misal... ...ndustry by integrating a direct supply network. Ford’s goal of TQM could be easily met by implementing a variation of Dell’s already successful virtual integration business model. Fostering cooperation through incentives is key since compliance of supply chain partners is necessary to gain first-mover advantage. Conclusion In today’s competitive environment, it is important for any business to focus on the customer and to provide unique value in order to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. Without virtual integration, competitive advantage is lost. Successful implementation of virtual integration initiatives allows supplier companies, which are performing only certain processes, to work together as one entity. Therefore, operations become more efficient by reducing inventory, assuring quality, and reducing delivery time. More importantly, the organization maintains the ability to thrive in a competitive marketplace by achieving increased customer satisfaction through unique and strategic core competences. Virtual integration will redefine corporations and , eventually, entire industries as supply chains evolve into a new business model of cooperation and sharing.

Animal Sciences Investigatory projects Essay

Anabas testudineus and its Preliminary Growth Adaptive Mechanism Through its Evolutinary Pathway To Brackish Water 4. Abstract: †¢ This study had mainly focused on the testing of the lifespan of a nearly endangered fish species Anabas testudineus in different water treatments namely brackish water, fresh water and salt water. The researchers determined the effect of the said water treatments on the growth and survival of the subjects. The study was conducted at the ESEP Bldg., Tarlac National High School (Main). The researchers applied the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) for the experiment. The length and mass of Anabas testudineus were recorded before and after the experimentation. The researchers prepared 3 containers for each replicate. Artificial environments were prepared in each container wherein 1000 grams of sand and pebbles and 400 grams of lilies were put in each container. The required amount of marine salt and water were also added and the pH of each water treatment were also obtained three randomly selected Anabas testudineus were subjected to each water treatment in each replicate. Everyday the stability of the fishes were observed. After 31 days, the final length and mass of the fishes were obtained and the results were compared. 5. †¢ The average difference in mass of the fishes subjected to brackish water is 2.945 grams higher than freshwater and the average difference in length is also higher than fresh water by 1.265 cm. †¢ Brackish water is the best water treatment for the growth of Anabas testudineus. †¢ Due to environmental changes evolution occurred as years passed by. The salinity of water and its pH are examples of these environmental changes. 6. The Efficacy of Moringa oleifera (Malunggay) Leaf extracts in Lowering Blood Glucose in Swiss Mice 7. †¢ Abstract: †¢ Malunggay (Moringa oleifera) plant is abundant through the Philippines. This plant is growing anywhere in the country. It has become the buzz due to the discovery of its many nutrients. The researcher tends to study on medical value of Moringa oleifera in lowering blood glucose. †¢ This study was performed to determine the effectiveness of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts in lowering blood glucose. The experimental mice where weighed and their blood glucose were tested using a glucometer before the experiment. †¢ The mice were fed with condensed milk using the gavage method for five (5) consecutive days. All the mice gained high blood glucose after the procedure. 8. †¢ Different concentrations of malunggay leaf extracts: 25%, 50%, 75% and 0% were prepared. These extracts were treated to three (3) mice each as treated to the four groups of mice. †¢ Data analysis revealed that there was a significant difference in the mean blood glucose level of white mice when subjected to various levels of malunggay leaves extract, the lower the blood glucose, †¢ The findings confirmed that the malunggay leaf extract has a hypoglycemic property that can be used as hypoglycemic drugs. Thus, it can be used in treating diabetes. 9. An extracorporeal Study on Nasturtium officinalle for Mus musculus Alleviating Thromboccytopenia 10. †¢ Abstract: †¢ The study was conducted at room 2, ESEP building, Tarlac National High School (Main). It started by sending every subjects blood sample to the laboratory to determine the initial platelet count of the subjects. Watercress undergoes centrifugation to attain its liquid content and was fed to a group of subjects. Observation lasted for three days then new blood sample was sent to the laboratory to determine the final platelet count of the subjects. Results were compared to prove that the researcher hypothesis is true.] †¢ The researcher used completely randomized design to compare the platelet count of the subject’s blood before and after was fed with the liquid content from watercress. The researcher used T-test because they are only two variables to compare. After series of test, the results were gathered. The data revealed that the mean platelet count from the finished product of the study is higher than the platelet count from the commercial anti- Thromboccytopen ia. 11. †¢ This study is mainly focus on the possibility of watercress in alleviating Thromboccytopenia, a disease characterized by low platelet count. To test this possibility, the researcher compared it to a commercial anti- Thromboccytopenia. The researcher determined the significant difference between the plasma produced from watercress and the plasma produced from a commercial anti- Thromboccytopenia(aspirin) in terms of platelet count. That is why the researcher must know if the platelet count can be produced faster by watercress. This study will contribute greatly to the world f medicine as an evidence to remedy diseases through natural, safer and cheaper means. It will be significant for the treatment of Thromboccytopenia without the used of chemicals and surgeries. 12. The Efficacy of Anacardic acid from Anacarduim occidentale as a Lipid Source of Oreochromis nil. 13. †¢ Abstract: †¢ Lipids are one of the molecules used by fishes for their physiological functions and cellular processes. These lipids have many uses in the lives of fishes, not only in fishes but also in other activities of other organisms. †¢ Oreochromis niloticus (tilapia) is one of the most common fish that contains lipids in their muscle or tissues. †¢ Anacadium ocindentale (cashew) is a nut crop with fruits that contain a liquid known as cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL). This three liquid has three phenol constituents, one of this is anacardic acid. 14. †¢ In this study, the cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) was extracted from Anacardium occidentale and anacardic acid and then separated from the CNSL by the process of centrifugation and then mixed with the food of the fish and then fed to the fishes. The purpose of this study is to make a useful lipid source from anacardium occidentale. This study will test the efficacy of anacardic acid as a lipid source of Oreochromis niloticus, and observed if the growth development and weight increased. †¢ After observing the fishes for 1 month to 2 weeks, results and data were analyzed. The researcher used T-test as their statistical tool, and concluded that the growth and weight of the Oreochromis niloqticus increased by 50.36% in weight gain and 50.98% in the increase in size when given anacardic acid. 15. Residual Fatty Acids from Persia Americana for the Extension of Life Expectancy of Tirumala tumanana 16. †¢ Abstract: †¢ The study had been centered on the efficacy of amalgamated fatty acid residues from Persia Americana, the fatty acids were extracted at the Philippine Institute of Pure and Applied Chemistry (PIPAC) using the gc mini2 machine for the procedure of gas chromatography. †¢ This study further branched out into the possible effects of the fatty acid residues in extending the life expectancy of Tirumala tumanana, specie of butterfly originated at Mt. Busa and is rated as vulnerable in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). 17. †¢ Three treatments were designated to 24 butterflies: Treatment A (with flowering plants, sugar solution, and fatty acids), treatment B (with flowering plants and sugar solution), and Treatment C (with flowering plants only). †¢ ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) was utilized to compare the three treatments in observing the life expectancy of Tirumala tumanana. †¢ After the series of test and experimentation, the results showed that the average life span of the subjects was prolonged by 129.03%, enough to say that there is a significant effect produced by Persea Americana. 18. Behavioral and Social Science 19. A Study on the Effect of Food Outsourcing to the Behavioral Direction of Trichogaster Pectoralis and Tricogaster Tricopterus 20. †¢ Abstract: †¢ Trichogaster Pectoralis and Tricogaster Tricopterus- these two species have the same denominator; they belong in one genus- trichogaster. Since they came from one genus, they have mostly the same characteristics like what kind of environment they adapt, what food they eat, and their behavior. †¢ This study aims to establish the effect of food outsourcing on the direction decision of Trichogaster Pectoralis and Tricogaster Tricopterus subjects based on attraction and non-attraction. It also aims to give additional knowledge to fish cultivators, and other persons involved in aquaculture. 21. †¢ The set-up where will the experimentation be concluded is composed on an aquarium, aquarium air pump, 15L of fresh water and 8 subjects which were drawn out randomly but on accordance with the ratio stated on each of the two treatments. The animal subjects underwent the process of food outsourcing where 20g of fish food is used, observation and data gathering for 10 days. The data gathered were then compared, and unbiased and reliable results were obtained. Results showed that food outsourcing affected the behavioral direction of the subjects based on attraction. Thus, the null hypothesis was rejected, accepting the alternative hypothesis which states that the effect of food outsourcing on the Behavioral Direction of Trichogaster Pectoralis and Tricogaster Tricopterus based on attraction is greater than non- attraction. †¢ In line with the results and the accepted hypothesis, the researchers concluded that the effect of food outsourcing on the behavioral direction of the Trichogaster Pectoralis and Tricogaster Tricopterus subjects is to be attracted from one another. †¢ 22. Plant Science 23. Zeolite (Clinoptilolite) as a soil nutrient Enhanser 24. †¢ Abstract: †¢ This research study entitled â€Å"Zeolite (Clinoptilolite) as a soil Nutrient Enhancer† was conducted at Abing’s Residence located at Mabini Homesite Cabanatuan City. It was conducted from the month of June to October 2008 by the following researcher; Jessamer D. Abing. †¢ Because of the economic crisis that our country is facing today, most of the less fortunate people and farmers in our country cannot afford such expensive fertilizer used in growing plants. The goal of this study is to find an alternative soil nutrient enhancer out of the abundance of Zeolite mineral that can be used in growing plants in easier and mire practical way. 25. †¢ To test the effectiveness of Zeolite in growing plants, 3 treatments were utilized: Each treatment is composed of three plants. Each specimen has its own treatment, treatment 1 is a mixture of oil and powdered Zeolite (75g), treatment 2 is a mixture of soil and commercial fertilizer (75g) a nd treatment 3 is the plane soil. †¢ The results was analyzed and found out that in terms of mineral content in Phosphorus and Nitrogen there is a significant difference between soil with Zeolite, soil with commercial fertilizer and plain soil and in terms of Potassium Contents there a significant difference among 3 samples because Zeolite yields the greatest amount of Potassium. In terms in the growth of the plants, Zeolite was the most effective soil nutrient enhancer because the plants with Zeolite yield the tallest and healthiest appearance among the 3 specimens. †¢ This proves that Zeolite is very effective and efficient soil nutrient enhancer which can be use by the farmers in growing plants. 26. Gralex (Ready-Made Bait for Mice) 27. †¢ Abstract: †¢ The utilization of â€Å"Gralex† as ready made bait for mice, aimed to test its toxicity on mice samples. †¢ Systematic methods in the preparation of Gralex were observed. Three (3) treatments which varies on the soaking time of rice grains and adelfa leaves extracts such as forty- eight (48) hours, twenty-four (24) hours, fifteen hours (15) respectively. †¢ Prior to experimentation, Adelfa leaves underwent phytochemical testing. Result revealed the presence of condensed tannin, alkaloids and glycosides compound. †¢ Toxicity level of Gralex is higher as compared to commercial rat killer (Racumin) as observed on the mortality rate of mice. †¢ Statistical test result showed significant difference on the effectiveness on the rat killers. Gralex was found to be more effective. It was concluded that the presence of Tannins and Glycosides contributed a lot in mortality rate on the mice samples. †¢ The production and commercialization of the product is strongly encourage. 28. Tolerance Level of Meristematic Root Cells of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza to High and Low Hypertonic Saline Solutions and Hypotonis Solutions 29. †¢ Abstract: †¢ Plants extinction is already a global major problem but ordinary people are not aware of this. The worst part is that is very important and gives us the most benefits are the one that are disappearing. One good example of this plant is mangrove tree. †¢ These mangroves give us a lot of benefits. For fishes, these provide breeding, nursery, and feeding areas. These can tolerate more salt in their tissues than any plant. Their survivability is high compared to other plants but they also need regular flushing of freshwater. 30. †¢ The problem of this study is to determine the tolerance level of the Bruguiera gymnorrhiza meristematic root cells to high and low saline hypertonic solution and hypertonic solution. The proponents conducted the study at ESEP, DOST building, TNHS, San Roque Tarlac City. The experimentation started at Feb. 27, 2010 and ended last Aug.22, 2010. The proponents prepared 4 containers containing water with different salinities (0ppm, 30ppm-35ppm, 36ppm-45ppm, 46ppm- 50ppm). Three roots of the mangrove per solution were soaked and we let it that way for few hours. After soaking, a part of the mangrove roots were cut and observed under a compound microscope. Cells that shrink and burst were counted and the tolerable salinity of the Bruguiera gymnorrhiza root cells was known. 31. Natural Extracts as Vase Solution for Roses (Rosa damascena) 32. †¢ Abstract: †¢ This study was conducted to determine the effects of plant extracts from garlic allium sativum, Oregano Origanum vulgare, and guava Psidium guajave) as vase solution. Extract used for the preparation of vase solutions were taken from fresh garlic cloves, oregano and guava leaves. Water extracts were subjected to water bath at 50’C-60’C for 5 minutes for pasteurization. Flower buds were placed in plastic cups containing vase solutions with varying concentrations of extracts. Observation was done for 7 days at three replications. Set-ups were evaluated in terms of pH. Early opening of flowers and length of Vaseline days. †¢ Analysis on pH differences was not significant among treatments. Oregano and guava leaves may have favorable pH levels for flowers used. In terms of opening of flowers, it was noted that oregano extract promoted early opening of flower buds even at the early days of observation. Highest vase life days were also observed in flowers placed in guava leaves extract and the lowest vase life days were observed in flowers placed garlic extract. 33. †¢ Analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 0.5 level of significance did not reveal differences in the vase life days of flowers after treatment with natural extracts from Garlic, Oregano and Guava. A modification of procedures for extracting natural compounds from guava is recommended. The researchers also recommended the combinations of extract for more favorable results. This research has varied application in the field of Horticulture and food production. 34. Larvicidal Properties of Various Plant Species in the Control of Mosquito Larvae 35. †¢ This study was conducted to identify several plant species that contain †¢ Larvicidal properties in the control of mosquito larvae and to determine the time needed to kill the mosquito larvae. A total of 240 larvae were used to test the larvicidal properties of the treatment. The test plants were subjected to certain procedures like through washing, chopping, and pounding to extract the plant juice concentrates. A cheesecloth was also used in extracting the juice after pounding through the used of mortar and pestle. The mosquito larvae were then placed in their respective treatments. They were observed based on the time interval of two, four, and six hours. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) of the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used to analyze the data collected. 36. †¢ The treatments used were as follows: †¢ T0- Water (control) †¢ T1- Neem tree †¢ T2- Kakawate †¢ T3- Makabuhay †¢ T4- Karot †¢ T5- Guava †¢ T6- Patani †¢ T7- Chili Pepper †¢ Results of the study showed that among the eight treatments, T2-(Kakawate) had the best result in controlling mosquito larvae. Based on the results of the study, water has no component that could kill mosquito larvae. †¢ This study was a big help to control mosquito population that can be diluted to potable water to kill the mosquito larvae. 37. Zoology 38. Ar-aru: A small fish and its Backward Evolution 39. †¢ Abstract: †¢ More than 3.5 billions years ago, the first organisms is believed to have live in water namely as the organisms cyanobacteria, oxygen was not present which then gives the parameter that these organisms are anaerobic and as years passed by, changes occur. These changes are called evolution. Salinity is one of these changes, Sodium Chloride came fro rocks in freshwater bodies are washed out and the water changing this NaCl will be deposited in saltwater bodies. †¢ Because of this, the average salinity of salt water is 17ppt. Freshwater having the salinity between 0.5 ppt. to 17ppt. is called brackish water and can be found in the boundary of saltwater and freshwater. More than half of the fauna in the Philippines face the treat of extinction. A fish called Ar-aru is now facing this treat. †¢ This project mainly studies the effects of water salinities on the growth of Ar-aru fishes in terms of mass, length, mortality and reproductive mechanism. 40. †¢ To make the study possible, the researcher had undergone series of experimentation and observation of their adaptability on treatment F (Freshwater), treatment B (Brackish) and treatment S (Saltwater) with 2 replicates each. The data gathered showed that Ar-aru fishes subjected to brackish water showed positive result on their adaptive mechanism in terms of its survivability. Thus, the salinity of water is a factor that affects the survivability of this specie. †¢ Results showed that raising ar-aru fishes in brackish water is better than in freshwater and saltwater. This implies that the ar-aru fishes had an adaptive mechanism to cope in the environment of brackish.